EXAM EXPO CHEMISTRY

Chemistry essay

Chemistry OBJ

CHEMISTRY
3ai)
structral isomerism is the existance of two or more compounds
( known as isomers) with the same molecular formula but
different molecular structures
3ai)
i) tertiary alkanol
ii) secondary alkanol
iii) primary alkanol
3bi)
i) 2[CH3 CH2 COOH ] 2K(s)---->
ii) [CH3 CH2 COO ] K + H2
i) 2[CH3 CH2 COOH ] +2 K(s) ------> 2[ CH3 CH2 COO ] K + H2
ii) CH3 CH2 COOH + C4 H9OH
HEAT---->CH3 CH2 COO C4 H9 + H20
H2SO4
iii)CH3 CH2 CH2 CH20H + H^+
KMnO4------> CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 - 0H
EXCESS
3bii)
i) potassium ethanoate,hydrogen
ii) butyl propanoate and water
iii) enthanal
3c)
the percentage composition of the hydrocarbon
= 100
H + C = 100
14.3 + C =100
C= 100 - 14.3
C= 85.7%
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1a)
nucleons is the collective name for two important sub-atomic
particles:neutrons and protons
1b)
Graham's law of diffusion states that at a constant temperature
and presure,the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional
to the square root of it density
1c)
because when aluminum is exposed to moist air,a thin continuous
coating of aluminum oxide is formed, which prevents futher attack
of the aluminium by atmospheric oxygen and water or steam
under normal conditions
1d)
i) electron - affinity
ii) electron - negativity
iii) ionization - energy
1e)
i) the molecule of real gases occupies space and there are forces
of the attraction between them
ii) real gases do liquefy when their temperature droops.
1f)
i)used in seperation of different component of crude oil.
ii)it is used for separating acetonic from water
iii) it is used for obtaining different gases from air for industrial
use.
1g)
i)concentration of ions in electrolyte
ii)the nature of the electrode
iii)the position of ions in the electrochemical series
1h)
i)substitution reaction
ii)addition reaction
1i)
i)carbon dioxide
ii)water vapour
iii) carbon monoxide
1j)
i)centrifugation
ii)sieving
iii)evaporation to dryness
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2a)
i) isotopy
ii) they have the same number of proton (atomic number) but
different mass number
iii) oxygen,carbon
iv)1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^5
2bi)
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
METAL
i) high melting and boiling point
ii) they are good conductor of heat and electricity
NON-MATEL
i)they have lower melting and boiling point
ii)they are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
METAL
i) they form basic and ampheric oxides
ii)the react by electron lose or donation of electron
NON-METAL
i)the form acidic oxides
ii)the react by sharing and accepting electrons
2bii)
i) Al2 O3(Aluminum oxide)
ii) sodium hydride (NaH)
iii)zinc trioxocarbonate(iv)ZnCo3
iv)silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4)
2ci)
i) variable oxidation states
ii) complex ion formation
iii) they possess strong metallic bonding
2cii)
1s^2,2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^2, 3p^6, 3d^10, 4s^2
2ciii)
Zinc is not considered as a typical transition element bacause it
has only one oxidation state of +2, it metallic ion are not coloured
and it is not used as a catalyst.
2d)
Na2Co3 + MgCl2 ----> 2NaCl + MgCo3
1mole 1mole 2mole 1mole
molar mass of Na2 Co3 = 2 * 23 + 12 * 1 + 16 * 3 = 46+12+48
= 106g
106g of Na2Co3 produced 84g of MgCo3
; 106g = 84g
xg= 3.36g
84 * x = 106 * 3.36
x = 106 * 3.36/84
x=356.16/84
x=4.24g
4.24g of Na2Co3 is needed to produce
3.36g of MgCo3
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5ai)
Na2S2O3 ===> 2 + 2x + 6 = 0
2x = 6 - 2 = 4
X = 4/2
X = 2
The oxidation number of sulphur is 2
5aii)
Rhombic & monoclinic
5aiii)
- Both are tetravalent
- both are allotrope of carbon
5bi)
CO2 & Chloroflorocarbon
5bii)
There is increase in sun radiation reaching the earths surface ie
Global warming
5biii)
ThunderStorm
5iv)
I2KNo3. --------> 2KNO3 + O2
2AgNo3 --------->. 2Ag + 2No
5ci)
Calcium chloride in a solution can give rise to crystal using
filteration & evaporation to dryness. The sol is filtered into filtrate
& residue b4 evaporation to dryness takes place.
5cii)
- Because of presence of hydrogen bonding in NH3
- Because Iodine as higher molecular mass than chlorine
5di)
Mol of Nacl = Mass / MM
= 5.85/ 58.01
= 0.1mol
From the equation
2mol of Nacl gives 2mol of HCL, 0.1mol of Nacl gives 0.1mol of
Hcl
Vol of Hcl = 0.1 x 22.4 = 2.24mol/dm^3